Sustainable Techniques Using Eco-Friendly Materials In The Restoration Of Ancient Egyptian Heritage - A Case Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Archeology, Fayoum University

2 Faculty of Engineering, Shubra, Benha University

10.21608/archin.2025.437564

Abstract

This study investigates the application of sustainable, eco-friendly consolidation materials in the restoration of ancient Egyptian limestone, with a focus on the Sphinx Temple at the Giza Necropolis. Given the vulnerability of limestone to environmental degradation, particularly under the arid conditions and urban pollution surrounding the Giza Archaeological Site, the research explores natural materials such as eggshells, seashells, and fired brick powder (Homra)—both in their raw forms and as nanomaterials—as potential alternatives to conventional chemical consolidants.
Experimental procedures involved preparing standardized limestone cubes and treating them with the selected materials. A series of physical and mechanical tests—including bulk density, porosity, water absorption, and compressive strength—were conducted. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) were used to examine the microstructural integration of the consolidants within the stone matrix.

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